Roberto
Burle Marx
Imagine walking along a path, where
there is lush greenery
along the ground and an abundance of brilliantly colored
flowers.
There are no loud noises; all that is heard is the sound of water
trickling down a waterfall a short distance away. Looking up,
there are birds that can be seen peacefully eating fruit produced by
the beautiful trees. The fragrance is like none other; there are
no words that can fully describe how appealing the smell is.
Every feature of this environment provides a way to calm
the mind and refresh the spirit. Can a place so
remarkable actually exist?
Roberto
Burle Marx's passion for
designing landscapes began at a very young
age. Burle Marx was influenced by his mother's involvement in
gardening and also by his father's interest in design. When
he was nineteen, Burle Marx studied painting in Berlin and he spent
most of his leisure time in the greenhouses at the Daniem
Botanic Garden. The
gardens allowed him to fully appreciate
the
splendor of Brazilian and tropical plant-life. He continued his
education at the School of Fine Arts in Rio de Janeiro, studying
painting and architecture. Burle Marx's career began when he
designed his first landscape for a house designed by Lucio
Costa and
Gregory Warchavchik.
Burle Marx was greatly influenced by Lucio
Costa, because the
architect was not inspired by the history and
landscape of Europe, but instead he was drawn to the natural beauty of
Brazil. The landscape for the house allowed Roberto to become
more widely recognized in Brazil. As a result, Burle Marx was not
only asked to be the manager of The Parks and Gardens of Recife, but he
was also nominated to create gardens for the capital and public
squares. Each design used plants that were indigenous to Brazil,
including the beautiful caatinga
flower.
In Barra de
Guaratiba, which is on the border of Rio de
Janiero, Burle Marx bought
a large area of 365,000 square miles in
order to study the plant life of Brazil. There were species at this
site that were unknown to scientists and as a result, Burle Marx was
able to contribute to the scientific classification of Brazilian
botany. He extensively studied the ecological groupings of plants
and used this knowledge to create not only landscapes that are pleasing
to look at, but also ones that are beneficial to the
environment. Burle Marx desired for this area to be the
center of all plant studies, and eventually it fulfilled this
ideal. It became a place with over 3,500 species of various
plants, including many that were on the verge of extinction. His
work was recognized throughout the world and he actually had plants
named after him, including the Philodendron
'Burle-Marx'. The
area was eventually donated to a federal
government cultural organization, now known as the National
Institute for Cultural Heritage (IPHAN). The site is
now a National Monument to the late landscape designer, called the Roberto
Burle Marx home and gardens.
Throughout
his career, Roberto Burle Marx completed
over two thousand projects spanning five continents. His greatest
desire was to make Rio de Janeiro a beautiful place for all of the
inhabitants. Though he had been offered to design landscapes for
mansions, Burle Marx would rather spend his time working on public
parks saying, "They (public parks) return to the people the green that
the city stole from them." The KLCC park is a fine
example of his passion to provide a place of relaxation in the middle
of a large city. Burle Marx made sure to include large trees to
provide shade, beautiful flowers that draw attention, vast open spaces
to allow for recreation, and calming water fountains. The beaches
of Copacabana are his most
recognized work and considered to be his
best; the five
km promenade is one large
mosaic masterpiece. Roof
gardens were a radical form of
landscape design perfected by Burle
Marx, in Rio de Janiero, at the Niemeyer's Ministry of Education and
the Sousa Hospital.
Landscape
has been revolutionized by Roberto Burle
Marx's idea of combining modern
architecture with the
simple beauty of nature. He once said,
"A garden is a complex of aesthetic and plastic intentions; and the
plant is, to a landscape artist, not only a plant - rare, unusual,
ordinary or doomed to disappearance - but it is also a color, a shape a
volume or an arabesque in itself." The founding of a landscape
company, Burle Marx & Company, allows the tradition of Burle Marx
to continue. His genius will live on because of the magnificent
gardens he has left for the entire world to see. Roberto Burle
Marx enabled everyone to see what a true paradise
looks like!